Through what structures do Anopheline larvae breathe?

Anopheline larvae breathe primarily through a structure known as a siphon, which is a specialized respiratory organ located at the end of their bodies. Siphons allow the larvae to obtain oxygen from the water while still being partially submerged, enabling them to minimize their exposure to predators.

Palpate hairs, gills, and palmate hairs do not serve a respiratory function for Anopheline larvae. Palpate hairs are sensory structures that help them navigate their aquatic environment, while palmate hairs are used for swimming or stabilization. Gills are found in some aquatic organisms, but Anopheline larvae do not possess gills for respiration. Instead, they rely on the siphon for efficient breathing as they move through their habitat.